Trisodium citrate, also known as sodium citrate, is a sodium salt of citric acid and is widely used in various applications, including food, pharmaceuticals, and laboratory settings. Its chemical formula is C₆H₅Na₃O₇, and it exists as a white crystalline powder or a colorless solution. This compound is valued for its buffering properties, as well as its ability to act as a preservative and a flavoring agent.
Chemical Properties
- Molecular Formula: C₆H₅Na₃O₇
- Molar Mass: 258.06 g/mol
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water, forming a clear, colorless solution.
Trisodium citrate is often available in various hydration states, with the most common being the dihydrate form.
Uses and Applications of Trisodium Citrate
- Food Industry:
- Flavoring Agent: It is used to enhance the flavor of foods and beverages, particularly in citrus-flavored products.
- Preservative: Its ability to chelate metal ions helps prevent spoilage and oxidation in various food items.
- pH Stabilizer: Trisodium citrate can help maintain the desired acidity levels in food products.
- Pharmaceuticals:
- Anticoagulant: In blood collection, trisodium citrate is used to prevent clotting by binding calcium ions, which are essential for the coagulation process.
- Buffering Agent: It is commonly employed in pharmaceutical formulations to maintain a stable pH.
- Laboratory Applications:
- Biochemical Studies: Trisodium citrate is often used as a buffer in biochemical assays and experiments, helping to maintain the pH of solutions.
- Citrate Buffer: It is a component of various buffer systems in biological and chemical research.
- Cosmetics and Personal Care:
- Trisodium citrate is sometimes included in cosmetic formulations to help stabilize products and enhance texture.
Health and Safety
Trisodium citrate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in food and pharmaceuticals. However, excessive consumption may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort. It is important to handle it according to safety guidelines, particularly in laboratory settings, where exposure to high concentrations should be avoided.
Conclusion
Trisodium citrate is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications across multiple industries. Its buffering, preservative, and flavoring properties make it a valuable ingredient in food, pharmaceuticals, and laboratory work. As a safe and effective compound, it continues to play a crucial role in both commercial and scientific applications. If you have specific questions about its uses or properties, feel free to ask!